EVIDENCE LIBRARY
Browse source-supported forensic toxicology guides in this subject area.
Oct 20, 2026
A 44-adult ADHD crossover found PRC-063 noninferior to lisdexamfetamine on virtual driving through 15 hours—not proof of safe driving or whole-blood drug levels.
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In a 2014 randomized trial, 200 mg modafinil slowed verbal Hayling responses without reducing errors. Understand the 61-person analysis and forensic limits.
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A 36-person crossover study found six-week modafinil improved self-rated fatigue after stroke, while overall cognition and mood remained nonsignificant. No drug blood levels or driving test.
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A randomized methamphetamine cue-avoidance pilot found no significant abstinence benefit in 24 patients; eight experienced distress or craving reactions.
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A 97-child crossover trial found stronger 2-hour SKAMP differences in boys, but not math-performance sex interactions or measured blood amphetamine. Review real limits.
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An original human placebo-controlled crossover illustrates a stimulant effect on probabilistic effort choices, not a forensic blood-drug or personal driving test.
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A 25-person crossover fMRI study found different LSD, MDMA and d-amphetamine brain-network effects, but no validated scan-based drug or impairment test.
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An original 11-pilot modafinil crossover reported better overnight PVT reaction time but different RT and sleepiness ICCs. No measured blood drug level or flight-safety validation.
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A randomized 100-driver caffeine trial found faster simulated braking (p=.048), not steadier lane keeping (p=.75). Plasma HPLC results and forensic limits.
Read guideOct 20, 2026
In a 23-person, 77-hour sleep-loss trial, 800 mg/night caffeine reduced some vigilance lapses but not all ten-second nonresponses. Learn the forensic limits.
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