EVIDENCE LIBRARY
Evidence-based interpretation of drug concentrations, pharmacology, impairment, tolerance, timing, and the limits of inference in forensic toxicology.
Sep 23, 2026
Medetomidine and xylazine can co-occur with fentanyl, but they differ analytically. Compare targets, metabolites, enantiomers, screening gaps, and interpretation.
Read guideSep 21, 2026
Medetomidine may appear as dexmedetomidine, levomedetomidine, or a racemic mixture. Learn why isomeric analysis matters in forensic casework.
Read guideSep 21, 2026
Why therapeutic, toxic and fatal postmortem drug ranges overlap—and how specimen site, redistribution, tolerance, and co-intoxicants change interpretation.
Read guideSep 21, 2026
Nitazene metabolite testing can materially improve detection when parent drug concentrations are low or absent. A forensic guide to urine and blood biomarkers, LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS interpretation, hydrolysis, postmortem casework, and the limits of metabolite-based timing conclusions.
Read guideSep 21, 2026
Forensic interpretation of 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH): LC-MS/MS testing, blood and urine findings, product composition, metabolism, and postmortem limits.
Read guideSep 21, 2026
A technical guide to xylazine testing in forensic toxicology, including LC-MS/MS detection, blood and urine interpretation, metabolites, postmortem limitations, fentanyl co-exposure, and records to review.
Read guideSep 20, 2026
Technical guide to cocaethylene formation when cocaine and ethanol overlap, including blood and postmortem interpretation, metabolism, stability, analytical testing, cardiotoxicity evidence, and limits of timing or impairment opinions.
Read guideSep 19, 2026
How metabolite selection and enzymatic pretreatment affect medetomidine exposure detection, with limits on interpretation of urine concentrations.
Read guideAug 30, 2026
Review what methamphetamine blood results can establish, why studies disagree about concentration and impairment, and which records support interpretation.
Read guideAug 26, 2026
Technical review of controlled and forensic methamphetamine driving studies: concentration-effect findings, simulator performance, fatigue, SFSTs, and limits of applying group data to individual cases.
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