Sep 21, 2026
Serum/Plasma Ethanol vs Whole-Blood BAC: Forensic Conversion
Why hospital serum/plasma ethanol runs higher than whole-blood BAC, how conversion ratios vary, and what forensic interpretation should account for.
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Alcohol Blood Testing
Forensic toxicology reference guides on blood alcohol analysis, specimen matrix differences, serum or plasma versus whole blood, retrograde extrapolation, analytical uncertainty, and interpretation limits.
Sep 21, 2026
Retrograde BAC Extrapolation: Assumptions, Absorption, and Uncertainty
Retrograde BAC extrapolation can be useful only when its absorption, elimination, timing, specimen, and uncertainty assumptions are justified case by case.
Read guideSep 20, 2026
EtG, EtS, and PEth in Forensic Toxicology: Alcohol Biomarkers and Interpretation
EtG, EtS, and PEth answer different alcohol-exposure questions. This forensic toxicology guide explains specimen choice, detection windows, analytical methods, interpretive limits, postmortem issues, and why no single biomarker proves an exact drinking time or dose.
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